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Welcome back in this chapter, you are going to learn the basics of coddling.

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But before we go into that, we will check out the basic concepts of any old language and a copy of

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our sins for object oriented programming.

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And there are multiple different languages which are languages such as Java, C Sharp and, of course,

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Kotlin.

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There are plenty others as well.

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So the five basic concepts are verbs and types.

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Control flows, functions, collections and classes and hereby also objects, which of course, also

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includes inheritance.

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But generally, these are the five basic concepts, and you can find them in any object oriented programming

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language.

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And we're going to cover those throughout this chapter.

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We're going to dig deeper into every single one of those concepts with many different examples.

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And first of all, we are going to look at variables now.

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What are variables?

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Well, a variable is a location in memory.

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So when you create a variable, it's stored on your computer somewhere.

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And in order to indicate the storage area, each variable should be given a unique name.

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So once you create a variable, you have to give it a unique name, which is also called identifier.

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And you can access the data behind that point in the memory by using this name.

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Now, let's have a look at this so we can see here from Maine, which is the main function.

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Don't be confused by this.

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This is really just the entry point.

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If you create a codling application or Scotland program, then you have an entry point of your program

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and that is your main function.

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So this is just something that you will see every time when you create a Scotland program.

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So we have fun Maine, and then we use this keyword called VAR and then the name of the variable, which

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is called H in this case.

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And then we can assign a value.

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And in this case, I assign the value of 15.

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And if I print that now, it will print 15 print lines dense for print lines.

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So it's just going to print a line where it says 15, because that's the value of the variable that

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I passed to this function called print the line again.

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Don't be bothered by this.

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This is really just an overview.

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VIDEO We're going to dig deeper into this.

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Once we go into practice mode, then we have control flows and control flows.

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Allow us to do something conditionally, so only execute code if a certain condition is met and do stuff

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repeatedly so repeatedly run code as long as a condition is met.

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And this is very, very useful because there are multiple situations where you actually want to execute

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a certain code on to something multiple times.

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Here we have a quick example for a control flow so we can see we have a variable again called H and

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it's set a 17.

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And then the statement you may vote now will only be printed if the age is greater than 21 or equal

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twenty one.

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So this is the statement that we have here with the if key word and then in brackets the conditions.

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So if this condition is met, then execute the code.

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Otherwise, don't do it.

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And in this case, it will not execute the code because the age is not greater than twenty one and it's

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not equal twenty one, then we have functions and functions, enable us to separate code and to run

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CodeBlocks when needed.

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The cool thing is we can separate our code very easily with this and we can keep our code very clean.

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And this helps us to re use code a lot.

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So we don't have to type as much, which is great.

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So, for example, we have again our main function, which is the entry point of our program and then

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we call my function now what is my function?

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Well, my function is this function called my function that we created at the bottom here, which is

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just going to print a line which is going to say my function was called so nothing too fancy.

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And don't worry if you don't understand everything here, I'm not going to go into details in this video.

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It's really just to give you a very short overview of what you're going to learn in this chapter.

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We will, of course, see what all of those brackets mean and how to name functions and how to call

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function of what calling functions even means and so forth.

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So this is really just a short example of a function.

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Then we have collections and collections, enable us to store multiple elements in one place and iterate

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through multiple elements with the help of control flows.

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So if you want to store multiple values at one place, so to speak, so let's say you have a school

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class with all of the pupils in there or students, and you want to store all of their names at one

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place, then you would use a collection.

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Then we have classes and allow us to create our own data types.

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Keep the data members and methods together in one place.

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And this allows us to write more readable and maintainable code, which again helps us to work better

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in a team and to just keep working on our projects.

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Because the bigger the project gets, the more complicated it will get, and the more important it is

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that we keep things tidy and clean so that we still understand what we're doing.

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And a very important aspect of that is to use classes, and that's really the major idea of object oriented

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programming so that everything is a class to a certain degree, and we're going to see what that means

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in the future, because this is a very advanced concept, so to speak.

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So of course, it's still the basics, but it's rather advanced in comparison to the other stuff.

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So I really only want to dig deeper into classes once you understood all of the other things that we

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talked about in this video.

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So classes are going to be the ending portion of this chapter.

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So I hope this gave you a little overview of what we're going to learn and we're going to dig deeper

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into all of the topics now.

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So let's go to the next video where we start with variables.